Albania - Country Profile

Full name: The Republic of Albania
Population: 3.2 million (UN, 2009)
Capital: Tirana
Major language: Albanian
Major religions: Islam, Christianity
Life expectancy: 73 years (men), 80 years (women) (UN)
Monetary unit: 1 lek = 100 qindars
Main exports: Chromium and chrome products, processed foodstuffs
GNI per capita: US $3,840 (World Bank,2008)
Internet domain: .al
International dialling code:+355

Albania is a small, mountainous country in the Balkan peninsula, with a long Adriatic and Ionian coastline. Along with neighbouring and mainly Albanian-inhabited Kosovo, it has a Muslim majority - a legacy of its centuries of Ottoman rule.

After World War II, Albania became a Stalinist state under Enver Hoxha, and remained staunchly isolationist until its transition to democracy after 1990.

The 1992 elections ended 47 years of communist rule, but the latter half of the decade saw a quick turnover of presidents and prime ministers.

Many Albanians left the country in search of work; the money they send home remains an important source of revenue.

During the Nato bombing of Yugoslavia in 1999, nearly 500,000 ethnic Albanian refugees from Kosovo spilled over the border, imposing a huge burden on Albania's already fragile economy.

While there have been signs of economic progress with inflation under tighter control and some growth, the country remains one of the poorest in Europe outside the former Soviet Union.

Unemployment remains stubbornly high, and the infrastructure and corruption continue to deter much foreign investment. Agriculture, an important sector, still suffers from underfunding.

Albania made a formal application for membership of the European Union in 2009, on the basis of a 2006 Stabilisation and Association agreement. The EU is keen to encourage further reform, particularly as regards stamping out organised crime and corruption and developing media freedom and property and minority rights.