Bosnia and Herzegovina - Country Profile

Full name: Bosnia and Hercegovina
Population: 3.8 million (UN, 2009)
Capital: Sarajevo
Area: 51,129 sq km (19,741 sq miles)
Major languages: Bosnian, Croatian and Serbian
Major religions: Christianity, Islam
Life expectancy: 72 years (men), 78 years (women) (UN)
Monetary unit: 1 convertible marka = 100 convertible pfenniga
Main exports: Wood and paper, metal products
GNI per capita: US $4,510 (World Bank, 2008)
Internet domain: .ba
International dialling code: +387

 

 

 

 Bosnia-Herzegovina is in a period of three years of devastating war, recovered accompanied the disintegration of Yugoslavia in the 1990s .. 1992-1995 focuses on the conflict in Bosnia, if it is to remain in the Yugoslav Federation, or whether they should be independent, now an independent state but under international administration. 

 

The three main ethnic groups are Bosniaks (Muslims), Croats and Serbs. The war left Bosnia's infrastructure and economy in ruins. About two million people - nearly half the population - were uprooted International Group. Administrative support, first discovered by NATO troops and has led later by the smaller European peacekeeping force by the European Union helped to consolidate the country stability. But in early 2007, warned an International Crisis Group, "Bosnia is not yet ready to take responsibility for their own future - ethnic nationalism still too strong." 

 

The 1995 agreement in Dayton, that the war in Bosnia ended with two separate entities, a Bosnian-Croat Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina and the Serb Republic in Bosnia, the Republika Srpska, or created each with its own president, government, Parliament, police and other organs. In general, this means a central Bosnian government and the presidency. In addition, Brcko District, which is an autonomous administrative unit, as a neutral zone under joint Serb, Croat and Bosniak authority established. 

 

Dayton was the Office of the High Representative (OHR). The representative office is the highest authority responsible for implementation of Dayton and the power of the authorities been a''obliga to the conditions of peace si''constitutia said the latest. Critics of the Dayton-created institutions to the countries that are in themselves and that the agreement strengthens close separatism and nationalism at the expense of integration. Negotiations to amend the existing Constitution of Dayton established to strengthen the state institutions and transform the country into a parliamentary democracy, not ethnic, have not made much progress.